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Fiber-reinforced composite truss-like building blocks form strong, stiff, and lightweight lattice structures as mechanical metamaterials. Two types of mobile robots operate over the exterior surface and through the interior of the system, performing transport, placement, and reversible fastening using the intrinsic lattice periodicity for indexing and metrology. Leveraging programmable matter algorithms to achieve scalability in size and complexity, this system design enables robust collective automated assembly and reconfiguration of large structures with simple robots. We describe the system design and experimental results from a 256\u2013unit cell assembly demonstration and lattice mechanical testing, as well as a demonstration of disassembly and reconfiguration. The assembled structural lattice material exhibits ultralight mass density (0.0103 grams per cubic centimeter) with high strength and stiffness for its weight ( 11.38 kilopascals and 1.1129 megapascals, respectively), a material performance realm appropriate for applications like space structures. With simple robots and structure, high mass-specific structural performance, and competitive throughput, this system demonstrates the potential for self-reconfiguring autonomous metamaterials for diverse applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adi2746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T18:58:17Z","timestamp":1705517897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Ultralight, strong, and self-reprogrammable mechanical metamaterials"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8158-2900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine E.","family":"Gregg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"given":"Damiana","family":"Catanoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3947-5173","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivia Irene B.","family":"Formoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-2257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irina","family":"Kostitsyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-684X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Ochalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8183-2420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taiwo J.","family":"Olatunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"given":"In Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2059-1688","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank M.","family":"Sebastianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2642-6175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4469-7893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Greenfield T.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2387-8011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"J. 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