{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:52:57Z","timestamp":1770835977746,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"96","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In cells, proteins rapidly self-assemble into sophisticated nanomachines. Bioinspired self-assembly approaches, such as DNA origami, have been used to achieve complex three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures and devices. However, current synthetic systems are limited by low yields in hierarchical assembly and challenges in rapid and efficient reconfiguration between diverse structures. Here, we developed a modular system of DNA origami \u201cvoxels\u201d with programmable 3D connections. We demonstrate multifunctional pools of up to 12 unique voxels that can assemble into many shapes, prototyping 50 structures. Programmable switching of local connections between flexible and rigid states achieved rapid and reversible reconfiguration of global structures in three dimensions. Multistep assembly pathways were then explored to increase the yield. Voxels were assembled via flexible chain intermediates into rigid structures, increasing yield up to 100-fold. We envision that foldable chains of DNA origami voxels can achieve increased complexity in reconfigurable nanomaterials, providing modular components for the assembly of nanorobotic systems with future applications in synthetic biology, assembly of inorganic materials, and nanomedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adp2309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T19:00:25Z","timestamp":1732734025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Reconfigurable nanomaterials folded from multicomponent chains of DNA origami voxels"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8664-3359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minh Tri","family":"Luu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6802-6763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan F.","family":"Berengut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"EMBL Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia."},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-5382","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiahe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"given":"Jing-Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"given":"Jasleen Kaur","family":"Daljit Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5244-9061","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kanako","family":"Coffi Dit Glieze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"given":"Karuna","family":"Skipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"given":"Sreelakshmi","family":"Meppat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-8317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-7068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William","family":"Close","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Microscopy &amp; Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-9524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan P. 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