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Blending principles from soft robotics, microfluidics, and nonlinear mechanics, we introduce a 10-dot\u2013by\u201310-dot array of 2-millimeter-diameter, combustion-powered, eversible soft actuators that individually rise in 0.24 milliseconds to repeatably produce display patterns. Our rubber architecture is hermetically sealed and demonstrates resistance to liquid and dirt ingress. We demonstrate complete actuation cycles in an untethered tactile display prototype. Our platform technology extends the capabilities of tactile displays to environments that are inaccessible to traditional actuation modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adu2381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T17:58:14Z","timestamp":1756317494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Explosion-powered eversible tactile displays"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4551-9941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronald H.","family":"Heisser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-2705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khoi D.","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-8706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ofek","family":"Peretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2132-1108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8111-7815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Diaz-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-8286","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2715-8137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cameron A.","family":"Aubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7088-7773","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sadaf","family":"Sobhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-5914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Bouklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."},{"name":"Pasteur Labs, Brooklyn, NY 11205, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-9587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1933.9920924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9904-1951-09433-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/10407391-1428852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Optacon\u2014a replacement for braille?","volume":"60","author":"Efron N.","year":"1977","unstructured":"N. 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