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Stem cells of the spleen express Hox11, a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a major role in the development of organs in vertebrate and invertebrate embryos.<jats:italic>Hox11<\/jats:italic>and other members of the Hox family of genes may give stem cells of the spleen the capacity to mature into cell types other than islet cells, including neurons and bone cells. Multilineage splenic stem cells may trace to the embryogenesis and possible persistence into adulthood of a fetal stem cell region called the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). This Perspective calls for reappraisal of the lowly spleen for treating diabetes and other diseases of aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sageke.2005.3.pe2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]],"date-time":"2005-03-24T02:16:21Z","timestamp":1111630581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Diabetes and Stem Cell Researchers Turn to the Lowly Spleen"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"2005","author":[{"given":"Shohta","family":"Kodama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shohta Kodama and Denise L. Faustman are at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Boston, MA 02192, USA. Miriam Davis is at the School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. E-mail: faustman@helix.mgh.harvard.edu (D.L.F.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shohta Kodama and Denise L. 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