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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Altered olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19, but its etiology is unknown. A key question is whether SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) \u2013 the causal agent in COVID-19 \u2013 affects olfaction directly, by infecting olfactory sensory neurons or their targets in the olfactory bulb, or indirectly, through perturbation of supporting cells. Here we identify cell types in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb that express SARS-CoV-2 cell entry molecules. Bulk sequencing demonstrated that mouse, non-human primate and human olfactory mucosa expresses two key genes involved in CoV-2 entry, ACE2 and TMPRSS2. However, single cell sequencing revealed that ACE2 is expressed in support cells, stem cells, and perivascular cells, rather than in neurons. Immunostaining confirmed these results and revealed pervasive expression of ACE2 protein in dorsally-located olfactory epithelial sustentacular cells and olfactory bulb pericytes in the mouse. These findings suggest that CoV-2 infection of non-neuronal cell types leads to anosmia and related disturbances in odor perception in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc5801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T19:14:47Z","timestamp":1595618087000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":910,"title":["Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8844-8886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David H.","family":"Brann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Department of Neurobiology, Boston MA 02115 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-8562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Tsukahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Department of Neurobiology, Boston MA 02115 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6100-6084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caleb","family":"Weinreb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Department of Neurobiology, Boston MA 02115 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9328-0328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcela","family":"Lipovsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King\u2019s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Van den Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boying","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-6119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Chance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-757X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iain C.","family":"Macaulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Jung","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell B.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Present address: Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9646-8983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley"},{"name":"Present address: Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-5013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. 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