{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:47:53Z","timestamp":1792097273284,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern auscultation, using digital stethoscopes, provides a better solution than conventional methods in sound recording and visualization. However, current digital stethoscopes are too bulky and nonconformal to the skin for continuous auscultation. Moreover, motion artifacts from the rigidity cause friction noise, leading to inaccurate diagnoses. Here, we report a class of technologies that offers real-time, wireless, continuous auscultation using a soft wearable system as a quantitative disease diagnosis tool for various diseases. The soft device can detect continuous cardiopulmonary sounds with minimal noise and classify real-time signal abnormalities. A clinical study with multiple patients and control subjects captures the unique advantage of the wearable auscultation method with embedded machine learning for automated diagnoses of four types of lung diseases: crackle, wheeze, stridor, and rhonchi, with a 95% accuracy. The soft system also demonstrates the potential for a sleep study by detecting disordered breathing for home sleep and apnea detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo5867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T17:57:46Z","timestamp":1653501466000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Fully portable continuous real-time auscultation with a soft wearable stethoscope designed for automated disease diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-0786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-7560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun-Soung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-0021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min-Kyung","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8232-5244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nathan","family":"Zavanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-0484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chaeuk","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-0063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun Young","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-0872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoonjoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7990-3066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung-Soo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-3882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woon-Hong","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."},{"name":"Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.2006.1.3.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.914788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64405-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96724-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2012(11)19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411921998108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-11-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"290","article-title":"A history of physical examination texts and the conception of bedside diagnosis","volume":"122","author":"Verghese A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. 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