{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T01:13:18Z","timestamp":1789261998010,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Reactive trace gas emissions from the polar oceans are poorly characterized, even though their effects on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are crucial for assessing current and preindustrial aerosol forcing on climate. Here, we present seawater and atmospheric measurements of benzene and toluene, two gases typically associated with pollution, in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone. Their distribution suggests a marine biogenic source. Calculated emission fluxes were 0.023\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.030 (benzene) and 0.039\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.036 (toluene) and 0.023\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.028 (benzene) and 0.034\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.041 (toluene) \u03bcmol m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for the Southern Ocean and the Arctic, respectively. Including these average emissions in a chemistry-climate model increased secondary organic aerosol mass concentrations only by 0.1% over the Arctic but by 7.7% over the Southern Ocean, with transient episodes of up to 77.3%. Climate models should consider the hitherto overlooked emissions of benzene and toluene from the polar oceans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add9031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T14:02:24Z","timestamp":1674828144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Marine biogenic emissions of benzene and toluene and their contribution to secondary organic aerosols over the polar oceans"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6592-6037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charel","family":"Wohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain."},{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5146-5831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-5460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4114-5500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafael P.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB), National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-5984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-1581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Saiz-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-7663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafel","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35121h"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-14-2963-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JD032869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.1c00270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-13119-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-11319-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-1963-2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13701-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-2787-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415440111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL033359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-4607-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluating carbon monoxide and aerosol optical depth simulations from CAM-Chem using satellite observations","volume":"13","author":"Alvim D. 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