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We found that most neurons in the anterior medial (AM) face patch exhibited a gradual decline in their late-phase visual responses to multiple stimuli. Individual neurons varied from days to weeks in their rates of plasticity, with time constants determined by the number of days of exposure rather than the cumulative number of presentations. We postulate that the sequential recruitment of neurons with experience-modified responses may provide an internal and graded measure of familiarity strength, which is a key mnemonic component of visual recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade4648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T13:59:15Z","timestamp":1679666355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Progressive neuronal plasticity in primate visual cortex during stimulus familiarization"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2160-1732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenji W.","family":"Koyano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-2176","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena M.","family":"Esch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-9345","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie J.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena N.","family":"Waidmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1345-6360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David A.","family":"Leopold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, Bethesda MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.\u00a0A.\u00a0Murray S.\u00a0P.\u00a0Wise K.\u00a0S.\u00a0Graham in The Evolution of Memory Systems: Ancestors Anatomy and Adaptations (Oxford Univ. 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