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We found that, in rats, these inputs were necessary for both the function of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and the flexible encoding of the action-outcome (AO) associations necessary for goal-directed action, producing a burst-pause pattern of CIN firing but only during the remapping elicited by a shift in AO contingency. Neuroinflammation in the Pf abolished these changes in CIN activity and goal-directed control after the shift in contingency. However, both effects were rescued by either the peripheral or the intra-DMS administration of selegiline, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor that we found  also enhances adenosine triphosphatase activity in CINs. These findings suggest a potential treatment for the cognitive deficits associated with neuroinflammation affecting the function of the Pf and related structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade8247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T14:10:27Z","timestamp":1687529427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cognitive effects of thalamostriatal degeneration are ameliorated by normalizing striatal cholinergic activity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1603-8639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serena","family":"Becchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0222-8001","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Billy","family":"Chieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3921-0745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Bradfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9586-0684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberto","family":"Capell\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice K.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-7950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernard W.","family":"Balleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90293-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01565.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00421-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90165-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00507-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thalamic gating of corticostriatal signaling by cholinergic interneurons","volume":"23","author":"Ding J. 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