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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In many populations, the a\n            <jats:italic>polipoprotein-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            ) allele increases the risk for several chronic diseases of aging, including dementia and cardiovascular disease; despite these harmful effects at later ages, the\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            allele remains prevalent. We assess the impact of\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            on fertility and its proximate determinants (age at first reproduction, interbirth interval) among the Tsimane, a natural fertility population of forager-horticulturalists. Among 795 women aged 13 to 90 (20%\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            carriers), those with at least one\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            allele had 0.3 to 0.5 more children than (\u03b53\/\u03b53) homozygotes, while those with two\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles gave birth to 1.4 to 2.1 more children.\n            <jats:italic>APOE-<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b5\n            <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n            carriers achieve higher fertility by beginning reproduction 0.8 years earlier and having a 0.23-year shorter interbirth interval. Our findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting a need for studies of populations living in ancestrally relevant environments to assess how alleles that are deleterious in sedentary urban environments may have been maintained by selection throughout human evolutionary history.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade9797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T17:59:11Z","timestamp":1691603951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["<i>Apolipoprotein-<\/i>\n            \u03b5\n            <i>4<\/i>\n            is associated with higher fecundity in a natural fertility population"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-0628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Trumble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona 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Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-3020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-7513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-2750","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-0967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Eid Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-2790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie V.","family":"Koebele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Buetow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA."},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-3155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bret","family":"Beheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4614-1859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riana","family":"Minocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maguin","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsimane Gran Consejo, San Borja, Bolivia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, CA, USA."},{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1071-9970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margaret","family":"Gatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-9643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for 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