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TREM2 was found to be important for virus-induced\n            <jats:italic>IFNB<\/jats:italic>\n            induction through the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway in microglia and for phagocytosis of HSV1-infected neurons. Consequently, TREM2 depletion increased susceptibility to HSV1 infection in human microglia\u2013neuron cocultures and in the mouse brain. TREM2 augmented STING signaling and activation of downstream targets TBK1 and IRF3. Thus, TREM2 is important for the antiviral immune response in microglia. Since\n            <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n            loss-of-function mutations and HSV1 serological status are both linked to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, this work poses the question whether genetic or virus-induced alterations of TREM2 activity predispose to post-infection neurological pathologies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf5808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T18:12:31Z","timestamp":1692382351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["TREM2 is down-regulated by HSV1 in microglia and involved in antiviral defense in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4035-7330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Fruhw\u00fcrth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammatory Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-0886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Line S.","family":"Reinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-1912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carl","family":"\u00d6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelina","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4202-0339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcus","family":"Henricsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarker Discovery and Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&amp;D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-4354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden."},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK."},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK."},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9180-4060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00f8ren R.","family":"Paludan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammatory Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 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