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Here, we constructed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)\u2013based nanoengineered platform via the bioconjugation of MSCs and type I collagenase\u2013modified liposomes loaded with nintedanib (MSCs-Lip@NCAF) for treating severe fibrosis. Specifically, MSCs-Lip@NCAF migrated to fibrotic lungs because of the homing characteristic of MSCs and then Lip@NCAF was sensitively released. Subsequently, Lip@NCAF ablated collagen fibers, delivered nintedanib into fibroblasts, and inhibited fibroblast overactivation. MSCs differentiated into AEC IIs to repair alveolar structure and ultimately promote the regeneration of damaged lungs in aged mice. Our findings indicated that MSCs-Lip@NCAF could be used as a promising therapeutic candidate for PF therapy, especially in aged patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg5358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T13:57:20Z","timestamp":1689775040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cell therapy for pulmonary fibrosis in young and aged mice"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7197-1553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meng-Meng","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, 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