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Here, a high-precision three-dimensional (3D) visualization of tumor structure based on the micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST) system and fluorescence MOST (fMOST) system is presented to clarify 3D spatial distribution of nanoparticles within the tumor. We demonstrate that through the MOST\/fMOST system, it is possible to reveal multidimensional and cross-scale correlations between the tumor structure and nanoparticle distribution to remodel the tumor microenvironment and explore the structural parameters of vasculature. This visualization methodology provides an accurate assessment of the efficacy, distribution, and targeting efficiency of DDSs for oncotherapy compared to available approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh7779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T17:57:30Z","timestamp":1690999050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cross-scale tracing of nanoparticles and tumors at the single-cell level using the whole-lung atlas"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-8621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zeying","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China."},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201602, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MOST and Image Fusion Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MOST and Image Fusion Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, 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Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-0052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China."},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China."},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China."},{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, 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