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In addition, our comprehensive analysis uncovered time- and cell type\u2013dependent alterations in the gene expression profile after RT. Furthermore, myeloid cells showed prominent up-regulation of immune response\u2013associated genes after RT. Notably, a subset of infiltrating tumor-associated myeloid cells showing PD-L1 positivity exhibited significant up-regulation of immunostimulatory (HMGB1 and ISG15), immunosuppressive (SIRPA and IDO1), and protumor genes (CXCL8, CCL3, IL-6, and IL-1AB), which can be targets of immunotherapy in combination with PD-L1. These datasets will provide information on the RT-induced gene signature to seek an appropriate target for personalized immunotherapy combined with RT and guide the timing of combination therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh9069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T13:59:05Z","timestamp":1702475945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Comprehensive single-cell analysis demonstrates radiotherapy-induced infiltration of macrophages expressing immunosuppressive genes into tumor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-0312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Oyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, 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