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Here, we proposed to use diffusion time\u2013dependent diffusion kurtosis imaging (\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            DKI) to simultaneously assess cellular morphology and transmembrane permeability in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Through numerical simulations and organoid imaging, we demonstrated the feasibility of capturing effective size and permeability changes using\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            DKI. In vivo MRI of HI-injured mouse brains detected a shift of the\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            DKI peak to longer diffusion times, suggesting swelling of the cellular processes. Furthermore, we observed a faster decrease of the\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            DKI tail, reflecting increased transmembrane permeability associated with up-regulated water exchange or necrosis. Such information, unavailable from a single diffusion time, can predict salvageable tissues. Preliminary applications of\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            DKI in patients with ischemic stroke suggested increased transmembrane permeability in stroke regions, illustrating\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            DKI\u2019s potential for detecting pathological changes in the clinics.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk1817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T18:00:47Z","timestamp":1721239247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["In vivo mapping of cellular resolution neuropathology in brain ischemia with diffusion MRI"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-5821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China."},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China."},{"name":"Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3663-6559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong-Hsi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-8225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruicheng","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical 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School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3733-3322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr","family":"Walczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-8591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Els","family":"Fieremans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-3050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dmitry S.","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of 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