{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T01:46:24Z","timestamp":1769823984917,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Despite great progress in the field, chronic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infections remain a major cause of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), necessitating treatment with antibiotics. Pf is a filamentous bacteriophage produced by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and acts as a structural element in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pa<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms. Pf presence has been associated with antibiotic resistance and poor outcomes in pwCF, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We have investigated how Pf and sputum biopolymers impede antibiotic diffusion using pwCF sputum and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching. We demonstrate that tobramycin interacts with Pf and sputum polymers through electrostatic interactions. We also developed a set of mathematical models to analyze the complex observations. Our analysis suggests that Pf in sputum reduces the diffusion of charged antibiotics due to a greater binding constant associated with organized liquid crystalline structures formed between Pf and sputum polymers. This study provides insights into antibiotic tolerance mechanisms in chronic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pa<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections and may offer potential strategies for novel therapeutic approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl5576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T13:58:33Z","timestamp":1717163913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pf bacteriophages hinder sputum antibiotic diffusion via electrostatic binding"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-177X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0838-0402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pam","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4227-6163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tony Hong Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8969-6232","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Burgener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-2524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Kratochvil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7188-2536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aditi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8121-9301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aviv","family":"Hargil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7123-3037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-5533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josefine Eils\u00f8","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine &amp; School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."},{"name":"Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-6873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annelise E.","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine &amp; School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Milla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-6304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Heilshorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0585-1942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andy","family":"Spakowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA."},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-9448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul L.","family":"Bollyky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.194-222.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Cystic Fibrosis Foundation patient registry 2021 annual data report (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201907-493OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201404-166OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1160OE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuu007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Filamentous bacteriophage: Biology, phage display and nanotechnology applications","volume":"13","author":"Rakonjac J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. 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