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In this study, we have developed a whole-brain perfusion MRI approach by using a 5-second nitrogen gas stimulus under inhalational anesthetics to induce transient BOLD dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). This method proved to be highly sensitive, repeatable within each imaging session, and across four weekly sessions. Relative cerebral blood volumes measured by BOLD DSC agree well with those by contrast agents. Quantitative cerebral blood volume and flow metrics were successfully measured in mice under dexmedetomidine and various isoflurane doses using both total vasculature-sensitive gradient-echo and microvasculature-sensitive spin-echo BOLD MRI. Dexmedetomidine reduces cerebral perfusion, while isoflurane increases cerebral perfusion in a dose-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adm7605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T13:59:54Z","timestamp":1709128794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mapping cerebral perfusion in mice under various anesthesia levels using highly sensitive BOLD MRI with transient hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1183-5672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thuy Thi","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5751-6951","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geun Ho","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-6318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chan Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-3651","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Han","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-4464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seong-Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. 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