{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:05:43Z","timestamp":1791374743741,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Acetylcholine is produced in the spleen in response to vagus nerve activation; however, the effects on antibody production have been largely unexplored. Here, we use a chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) mouse model to study the effect of VNS on T-dependent B cell responses. We observed lower titers of high-affinity IgG and fewer antigen-specific germinal center (GC) B cells. GC B cells from chronic VNS mice exhibited altered mRNA and protein expression suggesting increased apoptosis and impaired plasma cell differentiation. Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) cluster dispersal and altered gene expression suggested poor function. The absence of acetylcholine-producing CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells diminished these alterations. In vitro studies revealed that \u03b17 and \u03b19 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) directly regulated B cell production of TNF, a cytokine crucial to FDC clustering. \u03b14 nAChR inhibited coligation of CD19 to the B cell receptor, presumably decreasing B cell survival. Thus, VNS-induced GC impairment can be attributed to distinct effects of nAChRs on B cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn3760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1714154321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation modulates distinct acetylcholine receptors on B cells and limits the germinal center response"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-9458","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izumi","family":"Kurata-Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-6146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ibrahim T.","family":"Mughrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-8767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minakshi","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7806-9820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Al-Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-1463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Sherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA."},{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3967-8164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stavros","family":"Zanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA."},{"name":"Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3250-3804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Betty","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605635113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.694268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01396-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0759-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI146776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709011838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2235-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(80)90173-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-518605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00020-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100576118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.1.159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.1894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003918200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80555-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2022.109413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605993103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.718465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI157250"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adn3760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T17:59:58Z","timestamp":1714154398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adn3760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adn3760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adn3760","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadn3760"}}