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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past few decades, the development of potent and safe immune-activating adjuvant technologies has become the heart of intensive research in the constant fight against highly mutative and immune evasive viruses such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we developed a highly modular saponin-based nanoparticle platform incorporating Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) including TLR1\/2a, TLR4a, and TLR7\/8a adjuvants and their mixtures. These various TLRa\u2013saponin nanoparticle adjuvant constructs induce unique acute cytokine and immune-signaling profiles, leading to specific T helper responses that could be of interest depending on the target disease for prevention. In a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens. Overall, this work demonstrates a modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform that could improve the design of vaccines and affect modern vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn7187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T14:02:20Z","timestamp":1723039340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Saponin nanoparticle adjuvants incorporating Toll-like receptor agonists drive distinct immune signatures and potent vaccine responses"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-5166","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben S.","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-5762","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie","family":"Baillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science &amp; 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