{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:29:20Z","timestamp":1790288960298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"27","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Sustaining life beyond Earth requires the creation of habitats, which is typically assumed to require costly transport of high-mass components from Earth. Here, we investigate an alternative approach based on in situ fabrication using biologically generated materials. We show that several common biomaterials are capable of blocking UV radiation, transmitting visible light, and maintaining pressure differences sufficient to permanently stabilize liquid H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O in a vacuum or low-pressure environment. As a proof of concept, we then demonstrate growth of eukaryotic green alga in a 3D printed PLA bioplastic habitat under Mars-relevant conditions of a 600 Pa CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            background atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that products of biology itself can be used to create habitats in extraterrestrial environments. This approach is scalable, sustainable, and plausibly could be extended to construction of human habitats in the future.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp4985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T17:59:13Z","timestamp":1751479153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Biomaterials for organically generated habitats beyond Earth"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-8334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"Wordsworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafid","family":"Quayum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."},{"name":"Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3375-7418","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elida","family":"Kocharian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-8405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ann","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Cockell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-7163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shannon","family":"Nangle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Circe, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-9969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2015.1295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JE005134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-020-00713-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-020-00782-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9070348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0485-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2021.711550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-023-00285-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550411000164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. N. Verseux I. G. Paulino-Lima M. Baqu\u00e9 D. Billi L. J. Rothschild Synthetic biology for space exploration: Promises and societal implications in Ambivalences of Creating Life (Springer 2016) pp. 73\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21088-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19276-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Clawson A. Hoehn R. M. Wheeler Inflatable transparent structures for Mars greenhouse applications (Technical report no. 2005-01-2846 SAE Technical Paper 2005).","DOI":"10.4271\/2005-01-2846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999RG900005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1993)050<3625:MVATAS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2020.00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-024-00440-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.733244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2010.00126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC01647K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04153.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. J. Harrison J. A. Berges Marine culture media in Algal culturing techniques chapter 3 R. A. Andersen Ed. (Academic Press 2005) pp. 21\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088426-1\/50004-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.92.4.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. W. Baker Membrane transport theory in Membrane technology and applications (2004) vol. 2 pp. 15\u201387.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470020393.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13132155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. M. Haberle R. T. Clancy F. Forget M. D. Smith R. W. Zurek The atmosphere and climate of Mars (Cambridge Univ. Press 2017).","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139060172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-019-0813-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c08879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2594-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems5030037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/space.2020.0055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2021.747821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.102995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra41592a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-022-04160-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1113705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg5433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c05534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.04.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(97)00084-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2024.0080"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp4985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T18:00:44Z","timestamp":1751479244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp4985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adp4985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp4985","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadp4985"}}