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Differences in the inflammatory microenvironment emerged as an explanation for such stage dependency. Functional analyses revealed that enhancing neuroinflammation is sufficient to trigger M\u00fcller cell proliferation, not only in young tadpoles but also in mice. In addition, we showed that microglia are absolutely required for the response of mouse M\u00fcller cells to mitogenic factors while negatively affecting their neurogenic potential. However, both cell cycle reentry and neurogenic gene expression are allowed when applying sequential pro- and anti-inflammatory treatments. This reveals that inflammation benefits M\u00fcller glia proliferation in both regenerative and nonregenerative vertebrates and highlights the importance of sequential inflammatory modulation to create a regenerative permissive microenvironment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp7916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T13:58:33Z","timestamp":1727877513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neuroinflammation as a cause of differential M\u00fcller cell regenerative responses to retinal injury"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1681-6074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, 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