{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:37:40Z","timestamp":1790757460659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"49","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) disseminates genetic information between species and is a powerful mechanism of adaptation. Yet, we know little about its underlying drivers in eukaryotes. Giant\n                    <jats:italic>Starship<\/jats:italic>\n                    transposons have been implicated as agents of fungal HGT, providing an unprecedented opportunity to reveal the evolutionary parameters behind this process. Here, we characterize the\n                    <jats:italic>ssf<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene cluster, which contributes to formaldehyde resistance, and use it to demonstrate how mobile element evolution shapes fungal adaptation. We found that\n                    <jats:italic>ssf<\/jats:italic>\n                    clusters have been acquired by various distantly related\n                    <jats:italic>Starships<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which each exhibit multiple instances of horizontal transfer across fungal species (at least nine events, including between different taxonomic orders). Many\n                    <jats:italic>ssf<\/jats:italic>\n                    clusters have subsequently integrated into their host\u2019s genome, illustrating how\n                    <jats:italic>Starships<\/jats:italic>\n                    shape the evolutionary trajectory of fungal hosts beyond any single transfer. Our results demonstrate the key role\n                    <jats:italic>Starships<\/jats:italic>\n                    play in mediating rapid and repeated adaptation via HGT, elevating the importance of mobile element evolution in eukaryotic biology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp8738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:58:44Z","timestamp":1733493524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Gene acquisition by giant transposons primes eukaryotes for rapid evolution via horizontal gene transfer"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6687-9965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Urquhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden."},{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia."},{"name":"Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2113, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0438-7495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emile","family":"Gluck-Thaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel 2000, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA."},{"name":"Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI 53706, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2013-7445","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Vogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2012.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2007.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-10-19-2088-RE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1567-1364.12042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2018-0275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-12-190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.38.1.325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105100108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2020.06.718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2214521120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01433-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49913-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/fgbi.2000.1224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/143.4.1843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00117a025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71084-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(79)90548-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00279438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Gluck-Thaler A. A. Vogan Systematic identification of cargo-carrying genetic elements reveals new dimensions of eukaryotic diversity. bioRxiv 563810 [Preprint] (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.10.24.563810.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.24.563810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00153-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5598\/imafungus.2012.03.01.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-022-00506-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01239-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01602-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0042-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43008-023-00108-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00993-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28242-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100579200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6203-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-016-0264-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02465.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00688-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"A single gene encodes a selective toxin causal to the development of tan spot of wheat","volume":"9","author":"Ciuffetti L. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"L. M. Ciuffetti, R. P. Tuori, J. M. Gaventa, A single gene encodes a selective toxin causal to the development of tan spot of wheat. Plant Cell 9, 135\u2013144 (1997).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-3-221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-5765(89)90051-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01515-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00074-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-023-01373-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40066-018-0166-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA27038G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2011.629972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Formaldehyde stress responses in bacterial pathogens","volume":"7","author":"Chen N. H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"N. H. Chen, K. Y. Djoko, F. J. Veyrier, A. G. McEwan, Formaldehyde stress responses in bacterial pathogens. Front. Microbiol. 7, 257 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01162-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Formalin resistant fungi isolated from cadavers at a medical school\u2019s dissection hall in Malaysia","volume":"5","author":"Anton H.","year":"2022","unstructured":"H. Anton, H. Al-Ghoshae, M. Changmai, M. F. Baobaid, T. Aung, M. Al-Hoot, A. Al-Kabsi, Formalin resistant fungi isolated from cadavers at a medical school\u2019s dissection hall in Malaysia. Asian J. Med. Health Sci. 5, 55\u201362 (2022).","journal-title":"Asian J. Med. Health Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Isolation of fungus from the cadaver storage pool","volume":"5","author":"Kizil S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"S. Kizil, A. U. Onel, E. M. Cecen, Isolation of fungus from the cadaver storage pool. Int. J. Agric. Res. 5, 85\u201391 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-013-0411-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-2543-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"On the production of aethyleneoxide-\u03b1, \u03b2-dicarboxylic acid by moulds","volume":"100","author":"Sakaguchi K.","year":"1939","unstructured":"K. Sakaguchi, T. Inoue, S. Tada, On the production of aethyleneoxide-\u03b1, \u03b2-dicarboxylic acid by moulds. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Orig. 100, 302\u2013307 (1939).","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Orig."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02116.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. M. Tralamazza E. Gluck-Thaler A. Feurtey D. Croll Copy number variation introduced by a massive mobile element underpins global thermal adaptation in a fungal wheat pathogen. bioRxiv 559077 [Preprint] (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.09.22.559077.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.22.559077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00261-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40851-018-0089-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2006.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade0705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01761-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-6-1557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40694-017-0043-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg1080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.3684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00537-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02831-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Gluck-Thaler A. Forsythe C. Puerner J. E. Stajich D. Croll R. A. Cramer A. A. Vogan Giant transposons promote strain heterogeneity in a major fungal pathogen. bioRxiv 601215 [Preprint] (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.06.28.601215.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.28.601215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2289704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.10915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81287-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. Purification and some properties","volume":"85","author":"Ando M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"M. Ando, T. Yoshimoto, S. Ogushi, K. Rikitake, S. Shibata, D. Tsuru, Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. Purification and some properties. J. Biochem. 85, 1165\u20131172 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.9.2483-2491.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-016-0899-8"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:59:52Z","timestamp":1733493592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"49","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adp8738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8738","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.11.22.568313","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadp8738"}}