{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:23:05Z","timestamp":1788477785748,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioelectronic implants featuring soft mechanics, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding electrical performance hold promising potential to revolutionize implantable technology. These biomedical implants can record electrophysiological signals and execute direct therapeutic interventions within internal organs, offering transformative potential in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various pathological conditions. However, challenges remain in improving excessive impedance at the bioelectronic-tissue interface and thus the efficacy of electrophysiological signaling and intervention. Here, we devise orbit symmetry breaking in MXene (a low-cost scalability, biocompatible, and conductive two dimensionally layered material, which we refer to as OBXene), which exhibits low bioelectronic-tissue impedance, originating from the out-of-plane charge transfer. Furthermore, the Schottky-induced piezoelectricity stemming from the asymmetric orbital configuration of OBXene facilitates interlayered charge transport in the device. We report an OBXene-based cardiac patch applied on the left ventricular epicardium of both rodent and porcine models to enable spatiotemporal epicardium mapping and pacing while coupling the wireless and battery-free operation for long-term real-time recording and closed-loop stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp8866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T13:58:33Z","timestamp":1727877513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Orbit symmetry breaking in MXene implements enhanced soft bioelectronic implants"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6244-8458","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yizhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-5465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, New York 10032, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3671-9191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-5786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dashuai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, New York 10032, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8227-2217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sicheng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3893-4891","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Weisbecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8155-7152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brayden","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9744-8503","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8441-2288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongkai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2343-8149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chris Zhoufan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8442-2695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3872-6150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cate","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5872-1228","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wanrong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-4279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yihang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreya","family":"Kanamurlapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garcia-Guzman","family":"Evert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-3754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arjun","family":"Putcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1251-1871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Dickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9355-7224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ke","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, New York 10032, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-5559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wubin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201808247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0347-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.1c00142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42008-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b12539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202300301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abf8629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/ace26c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0050-23.2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.201600078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-021-00944-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2602-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"Variation in performance of platinum electrodes with size and surface roughness","volume":"24","author":"Green R. A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. A. Green, H. Toor, C. Dodds, N. H. Lovell, Variation in performance of platinum electrodes with size and surface roughness. Sensors Mater. 24, 165\u2013180 (2012).","journal-title":"Sensors Mater."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90133-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Gacek W. Pedrycz ECG signal processing classification and interpretation in A Comprehensive Framework of Computational Intelligence (Springer Science & Business Media 2012).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-868-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.931865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000096580.26969.9A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2007.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.270.4.H1189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.3.1264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-00493-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.87.042717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-022-01195-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10664-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202205053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5023407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01136-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R. K. Marland E. O. Blair B. W. Flynn E. Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez L. Huang I. H. Kunkler S. Smith M. Staderini A. Tsiamis C. Ward Implantable microsystems for personalised anticancer therapy in CMOS Circuits for Biological Sensing and Processing (2018) pp. 259\u2013286.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67723-1_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn4732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade4687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.54.11169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.17953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3382344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b01785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049500016964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. B. Zimmerman Multiphysics Modeling with Finite Element Methods (World Scientific Publishing Company 2006) vol. 18.","DOI":"10.1142\/6141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202100903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020191479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat9683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"52726","article-title":"Isolation and cryopreservation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes","author":"Vandergriff A. C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. C. Vandergriff, M. T. Hensley, K. Cheng, Isolation and cryopreservation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. J. Vis. Exp., 52726 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21682-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.04.195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP02201G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-019-02109-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.95.195143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.87.235441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b04899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.148620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201901241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c00359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b08180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21435-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmeasuresciau.2c00070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2021.139752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c03286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/18\/47\/475504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905970"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8866","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8866","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T17:38:10Z","timestamp":1736185090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adp8866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8866","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadp8866"}}