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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            (MTB) is a pathogenic bacterium, belonging to the family\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            , that causes tuberculosis (TB).\n            <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n            macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TgMIF), a protein homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, has been explored for its potential to modulate immune responses during MTB infections. We observed that TgMIF that interacts with CD74, antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) modulates endocytosis, restoration of mitochondrial function, and macrophage polarization, respectively. These interactions promote therapeutic efficacy in mice infected with MTB, thereby presenting a potential route to host-directed therapy development. Furthermore, TgMIF, in combination with first-line TB drugs, significantly inhibited drug-resistant MTB strains, including multidrug-resistant TB. These results demonstrate that TgMIF is potentially a multifaceted therapeutic agent against TB, acting through immune modulation, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and dependent on STAT1 and AZIN1 pathways.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq0101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T17:58:39Z","timestamp":1729879119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n            macrophage migration inhibitory factor shows anti\u2013\n            <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n            potential via AZIN1\/STAT1 interaction"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-6810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chanjin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."},{"name":"Institute of Natural Science &amp; Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Seong","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Jin","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Jun","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3507-8294","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Euni","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0630-9194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Yuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology and Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4918-961X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chul-Su","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."},{"name":"Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"E9","article-title":"The history of tuberculosis: From the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus","volume":"58","author":"Barberis I.","year":"2017","unstructured":"I. 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