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We found that temperature consistently increased dengue incidence throughout all the regions, while rainfall effects differed depending on the variation in dry season length, a factor previously overlooked. Specifically, our results showed that regions with low variation in dry season length experience a negative impact of rainfall on dengue incidence likely due to strong flushing effect on mosquito habitats, while regions with high variation in dry season length experience a positive impact, likely due to increased mosquito breeding sites. Our findings emphasize the need for tailored prevention strategies based on local climate conditions, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq1901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T18:58:36Z","timestamp":1739386716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disentangling climate\u2019s dual role in dengue dynamics: A multiregion causal analysis study"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-8553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olive R.","family":"Cawiding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2771-675X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saebom","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Marketing Big Data, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-0958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donnabel","family":"Tubera-Panes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Health Services Office, Baguio City 2600, Philippines."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5418-4579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aurelio A.","family":"de los Reyes V","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-2172","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"WHO Dengue and Severe Dengue (WHO 2023); www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dengue-and-severe-dengue."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43954-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2923-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12164-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2013-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Climate change and dengue fever diseases: Any association","volume":"1","author":"Rahman H. 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