{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:11:37Z","timestamp":1790964697669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"28","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lead (Pb) is a potent neurotoxicant, but few studies have evaluated its effect on neurobehavioral measures that can be used in multiple species including humans. We investigated the effect of prenatal and childhood Pb exposure on children\u2019s rate of forgetting using a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) task among children 6 to 8 years of age. Blood Pb was measured during pregnancy (second and third trimesters) and at 4 to 6 years of age. A nonlinear modified power function was used to predict the forgetting rates on the DMTS task, using separate models for prenatal and childhood Pb. Higher childhood Pb [median (interquartile range), 1.7 (1.3) (\u03bcg\/dl)] was associated with a faster rate of forgetting (\u03b2 = \u22120.05; 95% confidence interval: \u22120.09, \u22120.01). Higher maternal intelligence quotient and child\u2019s age were significantly associated with a slower rate of forgetting. We validated a unique power function statistical approach for rates of forgetting using Pb exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq4495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T17:58:57Z","timestamp":1752083937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developmental Pb exposure increases rate of forgetting on a delayed matching-to-sample task among Mexican children"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4330-9193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Svensson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2494-0318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jamil M.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8164-6496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John J.","family":"Chelonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6058-5907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chris","family":"Gennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Bellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6712-4847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carmen","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3178-1482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivan","family":"Pantic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3322-3334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martha M.","family":"T\u00e9llez-Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1180-6459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert O.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480545.2015.1082136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(94)00081-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01345-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19961215)46:6<678::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9020023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2009.24.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(98)00023-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1510067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Lead exposure and oxidative stress: A systematic review","volume":"236","author":"Lopes A. C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. C. Lopes, T. S. Peixe, A. E. Mesas, M. M. Paoliello, Lead exposure and oxidative stress: A systematic review. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 236, 193\u2013238 (2016).","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1994.1020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90292-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(92)90002-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. C. Rice \u201cAnimal models of cognitive impairment produced by developmental lead exposure\u201d in Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment E. D. Levin J. J. Buccafusco Eds. (Taylor &Francis Group LLC 2006) pp. 74\u201395.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420004335.sec2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2022.107075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01388-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.8.4.342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.052134.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-012-0190-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9312-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9597-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"E205","article-title":"Relationship between lead exposure and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"57","author":"Fenga C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"C. Fenga, S. Gangemi, A. Alibrandi, C. Costa, E. Micali, Relationship between lead exposure and mild cognitive impairment. J. Prev. Med. Hyg. 57, E205\u2013E210 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.8.1144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0505-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2601_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(93)90042-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn5164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02435-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.648261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00011-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). America\u2019s children and the environment: Biomonitoring - Lead. Feb 22 2024 (2023). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/americaschildrenenvironment\/biomonitoring-lead."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC\u2019s blood lead reference value. Feb 22 2024 (2022). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nceh\/lead\/data\/blood-lead-referencevalue.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2016.1193967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Environmental lead in Mexico, 1990-2002","volume":"181","author":"Flores J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"J. Flores, L. A. Albert, Environmental lead in Mexico, 1990-2002. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 181, 37\u2013109 (2004).","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20065174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-50"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.13.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Quantitation of complex brain function in children: Preliminary evaluation using a nonhuman primate behavioral test battery","volume":"9","author":"Paule M. G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"M. G. Paule, J. M. Cranmer, J. D. Wilkins, H. P. Stern, E. L. Hoffman, Quantitation of complex brain function in children: Preliminary evaluation using a nonhuman primate behavioral test battery. Neurotoxicology 9, 367\u2013378 (1988).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(00)00090-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00175.x"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adq4495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1752083940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adq4495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adq4495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adq4495","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadq4495"}}