{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:05:32Z","timestamp":1789833932407,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"31","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We quantify the effect of solar power adoption in reducing carbon dioxide (CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ) emissions from the US electricity sector using 5 years of Energy Information Administration data, starting 1 July 2018. By tailoring a distributed lag statistical model, we estimate the immediate and time-lagged effects of increased solar generation on reducing CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            emissions within a region. Our analysis highlights how solar adoption in one region affects CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            emissions in neighboring regions, emphasizing the potential for collaborative efforts. We estimate that a 15% increase in solar generation is associated with an annual reduction of 8.54 million metric tons (MMT) of CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            emissions, contributing 12.38% toward the yearly target of 69 MMT CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            reductions needed to cut 1380 MMT of CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            in 20 years, as per the Environmental Protection Agency rule on fossil fuel power plants. This study offers insights for policymakers and stakeholders in achieving CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            reduction targets through increased solar generation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq5660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:59:27Z","timestamp":1753898367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Quantifying effects of solar power adoption on CO\n            <sub>2<\/sub>\n            emissions reduction"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-013X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arpita","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA."},{"name":"Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5177-8598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danielle","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9382-0141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Dominici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-0706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"E.I.A. What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source? https:\/\/eia.gov\/tools\/faqs\/faq.php?id=427 (2024) [online; accessed 4 March 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es203568t"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2300523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf4915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"E.I.A. How much carbon dioxide is produced per kilowatthour of U.S. electricity generation? https:\/\/eia.gov\/tools\/faqs\/faq.php?id=74 (2023) [online; accessed 15 Nov 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"E.I.A. Energy and the environment explained: Where greenhouse gases come from. https:\/\/eia.gov\/energyexplained\/energy-and-the-environment\/where-greenhouse-gases-come-from.php (2022) [online; accessed 16 Feb 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"E.P.A. Greenhouse gas standards and guidelines for fossil fuel-fired power plants. https:\/\/epa.gov\/stationary-sources-air-pollution\/greenhouse-gas-standards-and-guidelines-fossil-fuel-fired-power (2024) [online; accessed 26 December 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"I.E.A. Net zero by 2050. https:\/\/iea.org\/reports\/net-zero-by-2050 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221978110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b06936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn8762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"E.P.A. AVoided Emissions and geneRation Tool (AVERT) User Manual. https:\/\/epa.gov\/avert\/avert-user-manual [online; accessed 23 December 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"J. Fisher R. K. DeYoung N. R. Santen \u201cAssessing the emission benefits of renewable energy and energy efficiency using EPA\u2019s AVoided Emissions and geneRation Tool (AVERT) \u201d in International Emission Inventory Conference on Air Quality Challenges: Tackling the Challenging Face of Emissions (Environmental Protection Agency United States 2015); https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ttnchie1\/conference\/ei21\/session9\/deyoung.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"T. Kerr R. Morgan J. Haydel B. Thapa \u201cAverage displaced emission rate (ADER): Approach and methodology \u201d International Emission Inventory Conference on Emission Inventories: Partnering for the Future (Environmental Protection Agency United States 2002); https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ttn\/chief\/conference\/ei11\/poster\/morgan.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es801216y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-00652-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2300395120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/23-BA1412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxaa051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"E.I.A. Technical notes from electric power annual. https:\/\/eia.gov\/electricity\/annual\/pdf\/technotes.pdf (2022) [online; accessed 25 Jul 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"E.I.A. Duration of utility-scale batteries depends on how they\u2019re used. https:\/\/eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=51798 (2022) [online; accessed December 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) An evolving dictionary for an evolving grid: Defining long-duration energy storage. https:\/\/nrel.gov\/news\/program\/2021\/an-evolving-dictionary-for-an-evolving-grid-defining-long-duration-energy-storage.html [online; accessed December 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Climate Central A decade of growth in solar and wind power (2024) https:\/\/climatecentral.org\/report\/solar-and-wind-power-2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05316-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Solar on the rise: How cost declines and grid integration shape solar\u2019s growth potential in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Jones-Albertus R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"R. Jones-Albertus, W. Cole, P. Denholm, D. Feldman, M. Woodhouse, R. Margolis, Solar on the rise: How cost declines and grid integration shape solar\u2019s growth potential in the United States. MRS Energy Sustain. 5, E4 (2018).","journal-title":"MRS Energy Sustain."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"\u201cGiant batteries are transforming the way the U.S. uses electricity \u201d New York Times (2024) https:\/\/nytimes.com\/interactive\/2024\/05\/07\/climate\/battery-electricity-solar-california-texas.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"A. Biswas D. Mork M. Qiu D. Braun F. Dominici Five-year dataset depicting electric power generation and CO2 emissions within the U.S. electricity sector spanning from July 2018 to June 2023 (2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/OKEATQ."}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adq5660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:59:34Z","timestamp":1753898374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adq5660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adq5660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adq5660","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadq5660"}}