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Importantly, a series of visible to NIR CTSC-activated fluorescence probes based on the same strategy realize effective identification of malignant tumor tissues, suggesting that CTSC could be the specific identification substrate of malignant breast tumors. Furthermore, a hydrophilic PEG moiety is coupled into YF-1, producing another CTSC-activated NIR probe (YF-2). YF-2 has excellent tumor-targeting capability, enabling the visualization of lung-metastatic breast tumors. The excellent detection accuracy and construction versatility of CTSC probes pave the way for preoperative diagnosis of malignant breast tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr5541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T20:33:04Z","timestamp":1743625984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rapid sorting and auxiliary evaluation of malignant breast tumors by accurate imaging analysis of metastasis-related biomarker"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3882-4437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, 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