{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:08:18Z","timestamp":1791540498824,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -phenylalanine (\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Phe), an essential amino acid for humans, is widely used as building blocks. Currently,\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Phe is obtained via biosynthetic methods including microbial and enzymatic processes, but their tightly complex feedback regulation and lengthy reaction steps lead to a low practical yield of\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Phe. Here, we have designed a hierarchical Si-based photocathode for\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Phe synthesis by photoelectrochemical coupling of waste CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and nitrophenyl ethane, achieving a high yield rate of 37.5 \u03bcg\u00b7hour\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 21.2% at low applied potential under 1 sun illumination. The hierarchical structure with CuO-TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -C mixtures dispersed in amorphous TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    layer\/n\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    p-Si creates an internal built-in electric field and forms plentiful conducting channels to efficiently realize the injection of electrons into Cu and Ti sites. These Cu and Ti sites adsorb and activate the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and nitrophenyl ethane, respectively, cooperatively facilitating the\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -Phe synthesis. This work introduces an environmentally friendly and highly efficient approach for converting solar energy into valuable amino acid products.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr8651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T14:00:13Z","timestamp":1742392813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Using waste CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    to produce essential amino acids for humans: An efficient photoelectrochemical route"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5385-8113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China."},{"name":"National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, Foshan 528200, P. R. China."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7859-2644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-466X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-0816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernt","family":"Johannessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-2976","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"San Ping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, Foshan 528200, P. R. China."},{"name":"WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy &amp; Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2262-7694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianyun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chem\/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China."},{"name":"Shenzhen Research institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen 518055, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04828-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-023-01338-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. 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