{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T12:24:57Z","timestamp":1782563097407,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"29","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Climate change continues to alter the behavior and distribution of species worldwide, with major ramifications for the transmission and risk of infectious diseases, including those caused by zoonotic vector-borne pathogens. This study explores the potential implications of climate change for one such pathogen,\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            (the causative agent of human Lyme disease), in\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks of the far-western United States. Nymphal tick infection prevalence and density are compared against several metrics for climate, while also accounting for habitat fragmentation, mammalian species richness, and rodent tick burden to eliminate confounding variables. Findings show that climate extremes, such as those forecast with climate change, correlate with a reduction in\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            prevalence in nymphal ticks despite nominal impacts on uninfected tick density, contrasting traditional hypotheses that these changes will increase vector-borne pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads2181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T17:58:34Z","timestamp":1752861514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Climate differentially impacts ticks infected and uninfected with\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8523-9832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heather","family":"Broughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Conservation, College of William and Mary, 111 Jamestown Rd., Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7769-7227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arielle","family":"Crews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Mateo County Mosquito and Vector Control District, 1351 Rollins Rd., Burlingame, CA 94010, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9471-4108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie","family":"Lilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA."},{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2594-3641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samantha","family":"Sambado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-4170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jordan","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8911-4252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, 1145 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-5737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kacie","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1265-1425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacoby","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5751-608X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grace","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1214-7277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shannon","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5279-9343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angie","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Mateo County Mosquito and Vector Control District, 1351 Rollins Rd., Burlingame, CA 94010, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4475-4539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Swei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01080-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2021.102451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0101.950102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2200092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"CDC Tickborne Diseases of the United States: A Reference Manual for Healthcare Providers (US Department of Health and Human Services 2022); www.cdc.gov\/ticks\/media\/pdfs\/2025\/03\/tickborne-diseases-manual-508.pdf?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ticks\/tickbornediseases\/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.050602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2806.211335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-021-04851-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1938-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2023.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/08-2106.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"2970","article-title":"Impact of the experimental removal of lizards on Lyme disease risk","volume":"278","author":"Swei A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Swei, R. S. Ostfeld, R. S. Lane, C. J. Briggs, Impact of the experimental removal of lizards on Lyme disease risk. Proc. Biol. Sci. 278, 2970\u20132978 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","article-title":"Lyme disease: What you need to know","volume":"100","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lyme disease: What you need to know. Ctr. Dis. Control Prev. 100, (2013).","journal-title":"Ctr. Dis. Control Prev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. E. Vinzi L. Trinchera S. Amato S. Amato Handbook of Partial Least Squares PLS Path Modeling: From Foundations to Recent Developments and Open Issues ForModel Assessment and Improvement (Springer 2010).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32827-8_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"H. Wold \u201cPartial least squares \u201d in Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences S. Kotz N. L. Johnson Eds. (John Wiley 1985) vol. 6 pp. 581\u2013581."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-010-1796-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15784"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.5.684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.2183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/37.3.484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"R. J. Eisen L. Eisen C. Graham A. Hojgaard P. Mead G. Kersch S. K. C. D. Paddock Surveillance for Ixodes pacificus and Pathogens Found in this Tick Species in the United States (CDC 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"D. P. Furman E. C. Loomis The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey Vol. 25 (University of California Press 1984)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3956\/2007-38.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"C. Fire \u201cVegetation (fveg) - CALFIRE FRAP\u201d (2015). https:\/\/map.dfg.ca.gov\/metadata\/ds1327.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"R. R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"J. Pinheiro D. Bates S. DebRoy D. Sarkar R Core Team \u201cnlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models 2015 \u201d R package version 3 103 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"K. Barto\u0144 Package MuMIn 1.47.5 (CRAN 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"M. Lesnoff R. Lancelot \u201cAnalysis of overdispersed data. R Package version 12\u201d (Vienna Austria 2010); http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=aod."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"M. Tenenhaus S. Amato V. Esposito Vinzi \u201cA global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modelling \u201d in Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting (Padova 2004) vol. 1 pp. 739\u2013742."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"G. Sanchez L. Trinchera G. Russolillo \u201cplspm: Tools for partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). R package version 0.4 9\u201d (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"California Department of Forestry and Fire Protections - FRAP California Department of Fish and Wildlife - VegCamp Vegetation (five) - CALFIRE FRAP [ds1327] Digital Table (2015)."}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.ads2181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1752861566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.ads2181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.ads2181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.ads2181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eads2181"}}