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Analyzing diurnal and seasonal variations of urban precipitation anomalies across 175 US cities, we found strong urban effects on precipitation especially during summer afternoons. Large, inland cities can receive 10% more summer afternoon rainfall, and the pattern varies with urban heat islands and wind conditions. Coastal cities, under the influence of sea-land breeze, experience three times amplified daily urban precipitation enhancements than inland cities. Urban impacts are also noted for mountain cities, affecting their topography-dominated precipitation patterns. With increasing thresholds of extreme precipitation, most US cities experience more intense rainfall compared to their rural backgrounds. This study enhances our understanding of hitherto poorly documented diurnal aspects of urban rainfall through geographically distributed, landscape-specific rainfall anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads5046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T17:59:04Z","timestamp":1755107944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Diurnal urban rainfall anomalies across different landscapes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7527-8141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Sui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-0330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zong-Liang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1848-5080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dev","family":"Niyogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2002.1027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2007.00251.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. 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