{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:00:24Z","timestamp":1790186424940,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    T cells targeting epitopes in infectious diseases or cancer play a central role in spontaneous and therapy-induced immune responses. Epitope recognition is mediated by the binding of the T cell receptor (TCR), and TCRs recognizing clinically relevant epitopes are promising for T cell\u2013based therapies. Starting from a TCR targeting the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1\n                    <jats:sub>157\u2013165<\/jats:sub>\n                    epitope, we built large phage display libraries of TCRs with randomized complementary determining region 3 of the \u03b2 chain. The TCR libraries were panned against NY-ESO-1, which enabled us to collect thousands of epitope-specific TCR sequences. Leveraging these data, we trained a machine learning TCR-epitope interaction predictor and identified several epitope-specific TCRs from TCR repertoires. Cellular assays revealed that the predicted TCRs displayed activity toward NY-ESO-1 and no detectable cross-reactivity. Our work demonstrates how display technologies combined with TCR-epitope interaction predictors can effectively leverage large TCR repertoires for TCR discovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads5589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T13:59:04Z","timestamp":1749650344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Phage display enables machine learning discovery of cancer antigen\u2013specific TCRs"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0944-1884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Croce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Agora Cancer Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2685-135X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachid","family":"Lani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Tardivon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bobisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agora Cancer Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariastella","family":"de Tiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiia","family":"Bragina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-5965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta A. 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Kocher F. Drost A. M. Tesfaye C. Moosmann C. Sch\u00fclein M. Grotz E. D\u2019Ippolito F. Graw B. Spriewald D. H. Busch C. Bogdan M. Tenbusch B. Schubert K. Schober Quality of vaccination-induced T cell responses is conveyed by polyclonality and high but not maximum antigen receptor avidity. bioRxiv 620795 [Preprint] (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.10.30.620795.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.30.620795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0170-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Carter J. Krog M. E. Birnbaum D. K. 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