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GWASs covered 1085 traits, focusing on diseases prevalent in Taiwan such as type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, gout, and alcoholic liver damage. PRSs were calculated for 238 traits, with the strongest associations observed in musculoskeletal disorders. Incorporating PRS into clinical practice supports early risk prediction and personalized prevention. To further expand translational value, we also conducted pharmacogenomic analysis and human leukocyte antigen typing. HiGenome offers a large-scale genetic and clinical dataset from the Taiwanese Han population, supporting population-specific analyses and precision medicine development in East Asia. The hospital-based design enables continuous follow-up and longitudinal data expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt0539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T11:23:45Z","timestamp":1749641025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-0541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ting-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Million-person precision medicine initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan."},{"name":"Master Program for Digital Health Innovation, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, 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