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The CRP incorporates a double\u2013cross-linking silk fibroin network and hierarchical micropores, resulting in a flexible, hydrophilic, and biocompatible patch with tissue-matching mechanical properties. The CRP could effectively seal defects and encourage tissue ingrowth, successfully repairing TF. A tissue-engineered epithelialized CRP (E-CRP) was further developed to enhance in situ reepithelialization. The CRP demonstrated reliable structural stability and facilitated effective tissue regeneration and functional reconstruction of TF defects in a large animal model. Furthermore, the customized CRPs might be preloaded into a bronchoscope and precisely delivered to TF defects via noninvasive implantation. Consequently, the proposed CRP\/E-CRP represents a promising scaffold for TF treatment, with substantial transformative potential in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt1320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T18:58:33Z","timestamp":1739559513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epithelialized chimeric repairing patch supports in situ healing of tracheal fistula"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2845-2346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingqi","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. 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