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Under future climate conditions (2070 to 2100; SSP3-7.0 scenario), projections indicate a 26% rise in the number of extreme storms, an 8% increase in average storm precipitation, and a 17% reduction in dry intervals preceding flood peaks. The dominant flood type is projected to shift from those produced by isolated storms (38%) to ones produced by compound storm clustering (49%)\u2014the type of floods that have been responsible for catastrophic floods historically. These findings highlight the need to incorporate storm clustering and its changes into design flood analysis and management strategies for the LMRB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt1868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T17:58:40Z","timestamp":1759341520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Increasing flood hazard in the Lower Mississippi River due to extreme storm clustering"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1960-7756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-4266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-4895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIHR Hydroscience &amp; Engineering, Iowa Flood Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0123-0428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Michalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9566-2370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Villarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017524118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07145-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"G. 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