{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T07:28:57Z","timestamp":1786865337801,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In its natural habitat,\n            <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            must distinguish friend from foe.\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n            are abundant in the worm\u2019s environment and can be nutritious or pathogenic. Previously, we found that worms learn to avoid\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas vranovensis<\/jats:italic>\n            through a small RNA (sRNA)\u2013mediated pathway targeting the\n            <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            gene\n            <jats:italic>maco-1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and this behavior is inherited for four generations. Here, we show that\n            <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            learns to transgenerationally avoid another pathogenic bacteria\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n            15 (PF15). The PF15 sRNA, Pfs1, targets the\n            <jats:italic>VAB-1<\/jats:italic>\n            ephrin receptor through 16 nt of perfect match, suggesting the evolution of a distinct bacterial sRNA\/\n            <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            gene target pair. Knockdown of both\n            <jats:italic>maco-1 and vab-1<\/jats:italic>\n            induce PF15 avoidance, and\n            <jats:italic>vab-1<\/jats:italic>\n            loss reduces\n            <jats:italic>maco-1<\/jats:italic>\n            expression, placing both genes in the sRNA-targeted pathogenic avoidance pathway. Thus, multiple genes in this avoidance pathway can act as targets for bacterial sRNAs, expanding the possibilities for evolution of trans-kingdom regulation of\n            <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            behavior.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt3850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:58:36Z","timestamp":1745431116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>C. elegans<\/i>\n            transgenerational avoidance of\n            <i>P. fluorescens<\/i>\n            is mediated by the Pfs1 sRNA and\n            <i>vab-1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3736-3019","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renee J.","family":"Seto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."},{"name":"LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."},{"name":"LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7176-9154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"Kaletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."},{"name":"LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8521-714X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lance R.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3155-3436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."},{"name":"LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7372-6644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia M.","family":"Balch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4081-6699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zemer","family":"Gitai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8257-984X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Coleen T.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."},{"name":"LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01677063.2020.1819265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15555-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2011.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2699-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. 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