{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:46:41Z","timestamp":1790218001684,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"31","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies on collective cognition provide many examples of how the efficient spread of information within groups leads to benefits with increasing group size. However, little is known if groups also amplify maladaptive information such as false alarms and whether such costs reduce possible benefits. Here, we investigated wild fish shoals responding collectively with escape dives when attacked by birds. We analyzed the collective response in reaction to bird attacks and similar but harmless flybys as a function of shoal size. Larger shoals increasingly detected predator attacks (i.e., true positives), while their response facing harmless flybys (i.e., false alarms) remained constant. Furthermore, decision time decreased with increasing shoal size. Larger shoals were thus able to simultaneously overcome two major trade-offs inherent in solitary decision-making: the trade-off between true and false positives and the trade-off between speed and accuracy. Our findings set the stage for the next generation of studies investigating the mechanisms underlying collective decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt8600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:59:27Z","timestamp":1753898367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Better and faster decisions by larger fish shoals in the wild"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-3259","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Korbinian","family":"Pacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bierbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3858-0904","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunus","family":"Sevinchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Philippstra\u00dfe 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-054X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carla","family":"Vollmoeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Philippstra\u00dfe 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7201-5199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Juarez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, 86150 Villahermosa, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3557-1185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jes\u00fas Emmanuel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, 86150 Villahermosa, M\u00e9xico."},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8972-2517","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, L\u00fcbeck University of Applied Sciences, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4733-998X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pawel","family":"Romanczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Philippstra\u00dfe 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-5569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lenin","family":"Arias-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, 86150 Villahermosa, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cScience of Intelligence\u201d, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z90-092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba5881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710344105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-010-0999-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007102108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/471040a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"D. M. Green J. A. Swets Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics (Wiley New York 1966) vol. 1; http:\/\/andrei.gorea.free.fr\/Teaching_fichiers\/SDT%20and%20Psytchophysics.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Beauchamp Animal Vigilance: Monitoring Predators and Competitors (Academic Press 2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801983-2.00008-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arq032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.1439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.3305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb0266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-020-00335-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2024.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.1802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-022-01916-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.619193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.060223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.11.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2010.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arab043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Y. Sevinchan FishWaveAnalysis: A toolkit for quantitative analysis of collective fish behavior version 1.2 Zenodo (2025); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15017661."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2023.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-013-1659-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2016.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116141109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm6385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.07.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Sevinchan C. Vollmoeller K. Pacher D. Bierbach L. Arias-Rodriguez J. Krause P. Romanczuk \u201cSpatio-temporal dynamics of social contagion in bio-inspired interaction networks\u201d in From Animals to Animats 17 O. Brock J. Krichmar Eds. (Springer Nature 2025) pp. 133\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-71533-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.96.022309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215428120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.95549.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2023.0737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2007.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/birds3010002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80149-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853900502169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.140355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.211898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-019-2734-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2007.01716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.241055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","first-page":"378","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks M. E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. E. Brooks, K. Kristensen, K. J. van Benthem, A. Magnusson, C. W. Berg, A. Nielsen, H. J. Skaug, M. M\u00e4chler, B. M. Bolker, glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling. R Journal 9, 378\u2013400 (2017).","journal-title":"R Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"F. Hartig DHARMa: Residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level\/mixed) regression models R package version 020 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0293"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adt8600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:59:35Z","timestamp":1753898375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adt8600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adt8600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adt8600","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadt8600"}}