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This study presents an innovative thermoresponsive, metal-free carbon nanodot (CD) hydrogel, termed F-CD hydrogel, which exhibits potent neutralization capabilities against multiple free radicals, including OH\u00b7, O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7, and \u00b7DPPH. This hydrogel demonstrates remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic capacity, effectively relieving DED symptoms by eliminating ROS at their source. Furthermore, its thermosensitive characteristics enhance the adherence of CDs to the ocular surface. In mouse models of DED, the F-CD hydrogel accelerates epithelial repair, thickens the corneal epithelium, promotes tear secretion, and boosts goblet cell count by up-regulating protective genes while suppressing those promoting apoptosis and oxidative stress. Coupled with its excellent biocompatibility and reduced administration frequency and treatment duration, the F-CD hydrogel emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for DED.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt8775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T17:58:38Z","timestamp":1753466318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Thermoresponsive antioxidant metal-free carbon nanodot hydrogel: An effective therapeutic approach for ocular surface disease"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9524-3018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye &amp; ENT Hospital, Fudan University, NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0637-2777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye &amp; 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