{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:16:29Z","timestamp":1790342189951,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metal ions are widely adopted to potentiate oxidative damage-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and regulate immune pathways. However, current ion delivery platforms lack precise administration over distribution and retention time within the tumor microenvironment, leading to high systemic toxicity and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Here, local electrochemical immunotherapy is developed by implanting a tumor microenvironment\u2013activated Zn\/\/MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    battery, which uses body fluid as an electrolyte and endogenous glutathione as a redox mediator to promote sustained generation and localized retention of electrochemical products (Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Mn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). These elements trigger the ICD effect through reactive oxygen species accumulation and stimulate the STING pathway to activate immune cells effectively. Strategic placement of this battery around subcutaneous tumor sites results in a 99.6% growth inhibition rate after a 14-day treatment. This work demonstrates a powerful electrochemical tool for drug-free cancer immunotherapy, which may open an avenue for sustained and localized delivery of immune agonists.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu1647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T13:58:47Z","timestamp":1748440727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Tumor microenvironment\u2013activated Zn\/\/MnO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    battery for sustained and local electrochemical immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6752-5717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, 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Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danming","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7645-8515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meiying","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children\u2019s Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China."},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun 130021, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-2155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering and 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