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Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pancreatic islets respond to obesity-related insulin resistance by increasing \u03b2 cell mass and insulin secretion. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this vital compensation are not fully understood. This study shows that adaptive islet\u2013derived small extracellular vesicles (aid-sEVs) play a key role in \u03b2 cell adaptation in obesity. Aid-sEV production rises under hyperlipidemic conditions, and uptake by adjacent cells occurs via F11R-mediated recognition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) act as downstream effectors after they internalize aid-sEVs, promoting \u03b2 cell\u2013adaptive responses. These vesicles deliver\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">miR-151<\/jats:italic>\n                    to MSCs, triggering\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">miR-151\u2013<\/jats:italic>\n                    dependent cellular reprogramming toward a Wnt-secreting phenotype. Restoration of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">miR-151<\/jats:italic>\n                    in microRNA-deficient aid-sEVs restores their proadaptive effects on \u03b2 cells.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klf9<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a direct target of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">miR-151<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is involved in regulating MSC proliferation and WNT secretion by controlling\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wnt3a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ccnd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription. These findings reveal a critical pathway controlling \u03b2 cell compensation in diet-induced obesity and indicate that targeted enhancement of aid-sEV secretion could be a therapeutic strategy to counteract \u03b2 cell dysfunction in diabetic patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu4196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:58:48Z","timestamp":1784311128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cells receive adaptive islet\u2013derived\n                    <i>miR-151<\/i>\n                    \u2013containing sEVs to promote \u03b2 cell compensation in obesity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6790-4932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key 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