{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:55:47Z","timestamp":1792652147866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"28","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    MXene is a class of compounds known for its superior electrical properties and versatile surface chemistries. However, its susceptibility to oxidation-induced degradation under ambient conditions prevents its incorporation into devices. In this work, we enhance the stability of MXene-based devices through encapsulation. We developed a sensor based on a heterojunction of Ti\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    MXene and silver nanoparticles for formaldehyde detection. This sensor is then encapsulated in poly(1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane) deposited via initiated chemical vapor deposition. Encapsulation substantially improved sensor stability, extending the half life span by more than 200%. These findings were reinforced by molecular dynamic simulations. Furthermore, upon hydration, siloxane in the encapsulant forms silanol which reacts with formaldehyde and boosts sensitivity by 1.7 times. We also demonstrate a rapid, low-energy regeneration process that enables the sensor to attain up to 90% of its previous response after degradation. These enhancements position this sensor as a reliable solution for real-time formaldehyde detection, in applications ranging from indoor air quality monitoring to industrial safety.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu6682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T17:58:29Z","timestamp":1752256709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Polymer encapsulation via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to enhance stability of Ti\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    C\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    T\n                    <i>\n                      <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    <\/i>\n                    MXene-based formaldehyde sensors"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-4998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shwetha Sunil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renuka","family":"H.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hattrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-011X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gerald J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9156-1094","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Albert A.","family":"Presto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6959-6290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B.","family":"Reeja-Jayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34699-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Zhang N. Kong S. Uzun A. Levitt S. Seyedin P. A. Lynch S. Qin M. Han W. Yang J. Liu X. Wang Y. Gogotsi J. M. Razal \u201cScalable manufacturing of free-standing strong Ti3C2Tx MXene films with outstanding conductivity\u201d in MXenes (Jenny Stanford Publishing 2023) chap. 20 vol.1.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003306511-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.3c00238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202003998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41127-024-00076-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-022-02058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"S. J. Kim H. J. Koh C. E. Ren O. Kwon K. Maleski S. Y. Cho B. Anasori C. K. Kim Y. K. Choi J. Kim Y. Gogotsi H. T. Jung \u201cMetallic Ti3C2Tx MXene gas sensors with ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio\u201d in MXenes (Jenny Stanford Publishing 2023) chap. 41 vol. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00175A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b02371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-019-0089-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c06823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3938\/jkps.65.1448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MA00301E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. K. 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