{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:38:48Z","timestamp":1788442728149,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"30","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Nectocaridids are enigmatic Palaeozoic animals with a controversial phylogenetic position. Previous hypotheses have placed them in their own phylum, chordates, molluscs (specifically cephalopods), or radiodont panarthropods. We describe here a nectocaridid,\n            <jats:italic>Nektognathus evasmithae<\/jats:italic>\n            gen. et sp. nov. from the early Cambrian (~519 million years) Sirius Passet Lagerst\u00e4tte of North Greenland. Key specimens preserve paired, phosphatized arcuate structures consistent with preservation of a ventral ganglion, a feature characteristic of extant and fossil chaetognaths, including the amiskwiid\n            <jats:italic>Timorebestia koprii<\/jats:italic>\n            also from Sirius Passet.\n            <jats:italic>Nektognathus<\/jats:italic>\n            shares a gnathostomulid-like jaw apparatus, lateral fins, subterminal anus, and large antennae with\n            <jats:italic>Timorebestia<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Amiskwia<\/jats:italic>\n            , placing nectocaridids in the chaetognath stem lineage. The complex sensory anatomy of nectocaridids, which is partially shared with other extinct amiskwiids, highlights a more dynamic predatory lifestyle much higher in the trophic food chain during early chaetognath evolution.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu6990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T17:58:39Z","timestamp":1753293519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A fossilized ventral ganglion reveals a chaetognath affinity for Cambrian nectocaridids"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3584-9616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakob","family":"Vinther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK."},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-0346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luke A.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4415-2447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mirinae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Polar and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4719-6317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Morten Lunde","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK."},{"name":"Divisions of Polar and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-0728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yeongju","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Polar and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1206-6803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changkun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Polar and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8605-6272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji-Hoon","family":"Kihm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Polar and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6979-8319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giacinto","family":"DeVivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1315-9494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David A. 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