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The cells rapidly stabilized chromosome ends by de novo telomere formation, and the new centromeres spread among genes without altering their expression. When both 4a and 4b chromosomes were made homozygous, they segregated through meiosis indistinguishably from wild type and gave rise to healthy plants with normal seed set, indicating that the synthetic centromere was fully functional. This work leverages synthetic centromeres to engineer chromosome fission, raising the diploid chromosome number of maize from 20 to 22.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw3433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T13:58:43Z","timestamp":1747835923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased maize chromosome number by engineered chromosome fission"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5538-2550","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yibing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2741-9812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3584-7717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Gent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-4553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. 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