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Among candidate genes,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ARHGAP18<\/jats:italic>\n                    emerged as a previously unrecognized regulator of melanogenesis. Evidence of polygenic adaptation in Europeans suggests selection driven by snow-reflected light at high latitudes. A polygenic risk score for retinal pigmentation correlated with a 4.8-fold higher risk of myopia and a 1.5-fold lower risk of skin cancer. 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