{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:49:01Z","timestamp":1792061341601,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"41","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inspired by naturally occurring biomaterials, autonomously grown engineered living materials (ELMs) feature cell-driven growth and programmable biological functions. However, the \u201clivingness\u201d of cells poses a short life span and low tolerance to harsh conditions, limiting the practical use of such materials. Here, we developed materials with programmable and dormant functionalities, grown from a mixture of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Komagataeibacter rhaeticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endospores under engineered medium conditions.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. rhaeticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces the bacterial cellulose (BC) matrix that integrates\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores within, whereas the confined spores keep dormant and are resistant to harsh conditions in the environment.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores can germinate and confer desired functions to the materials. Modulating the binding affinity of spores to the BC matrix with genetic engineering can improve cell loading and therefore enhance the material functionality. These materials can serve as a versatile on-demand platform for applications as biosensors, biocatalytic materials, and in situ transformation of mechanically robust cellulose-based composites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw8278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:59:09Z","timestamp":1760119149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bacterially grown living materials with resistant and on-demand functionality"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6836-7875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong-Joo","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-2714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franka H.","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2942-1146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koray","family":"Malc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Centre for Engineering Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon A.","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft 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