{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:50:21Z","timestamp":1791489021740,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"43","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The nanomedicine field continues to gain momentum, with several groundbreaking clinical trials underway. However, despite the promise of advanced antifouling nanoparticles incorporating poly(ethylene glycol)\u2014a key component in the development of COVID-19 vaccines\u2014the clinical translation of nanomedicine remains limited. This is primarily due to the relatively low delivery efficacy, with passive targeting relying on the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and active targeting leading to only modest improvements in target tissue accumulation. Improving the targeting, biocompatibility, and functionality of nanoparticles has the potential to create more effective, personalized, and minimally invasive therapies. This review aims to highlight the rise of a previously unidentified order of immune-minded nanomaterials and explores how mechanobiological principles and biomechanical nanotools are revolutionizing our understanding of nano-bio interactions in relation to disease. By considering mechanical properties such as stiffness, surface topology, and behavior under physiological flow conditions, researchers can better engineer nanoparticles for improved therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx1576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:59:42Z","timestamp":1761155982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The evolution of nanomedicine: The rise of next-generation nanomaterials in cancer nanomedicine"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6871-3213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Forgham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3641-4489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiayuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-3656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1570-4645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heather","family":"Biggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1547-2855","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Kakinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0819-0502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8963-5616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinru","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4100-3131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristofer J.","family":"Thurecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-2032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaohua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-0864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lining Arnold","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-3728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-4986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-6381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joyce Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8351-7093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruirui","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Bioengineering &amp; Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.11.952"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Couvreur V. Lenaerts A. Ibrahim L. Grislain L. Van Snick P. Guiot C. Verdun F. Brasseur \u201cTargetable nanoparticles \u201d in Targeting of Drugs With Synthetic Systems G. Gregoriadis J. Senior G. Poste Eds. (Springer US 1986) pp. 147\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5185-6_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"6387","article-title":"A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: Mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs","volume":"46","author":"Matsumura Y.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Y. Matsumura, H. Maeda, A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: Mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Cancer Res. 46, 6387\u20136392 (1986).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)40291-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences;] National Materials and Manufacturing Board Committee on National Nanotechnology Initiative: A Quadrennial Review A Quadrennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Nanoscience Applications and Commercialization (The National Academies Press 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687688.2010.522117"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216893110"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308345110"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-009-9313-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.21.7413"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.24482"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la902746v"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912273"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2018-0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77849-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00043-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5052455"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.882363"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c04543"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00628"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0112"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103672"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4PY00887A"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2023-0316"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35025220"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3186"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01630-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9692"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b03900"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00203-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01323-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b02267"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma202700y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c01291"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121539"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0666-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c02762"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02289"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2023-0357"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000406"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.0c00291"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00344"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2023.179617"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103074"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200901407"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119521"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01713"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c03234"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03209-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500748"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-023-00665-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preme.2024.100007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba0754"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202202528"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00945"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c00893"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00584"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00413"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwab039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196473"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0110-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-019-4580-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB00735H"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S285952"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00133"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz6108"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119942"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4538"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S502144"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.28672"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.25760"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S242787"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c01176"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2020.100862"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900772"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113131"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.41228"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101716"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"R. Hunter (Oxford Univ. Press 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122605"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c20719"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c07687"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08570J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202004979"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202200089"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b06212"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM10-3700"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-011-1664-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02954-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.2c00040"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00291"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010095"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","first-page":"1866668","article-title":"Cells nanomechanics by atomic force microscopy: Focus on interactions at nanoscale","volume":"6","author":"Zhou G.","year":"2021","unstructured":"G. Zhou, B. Zhang, G. Tang, X.-F. Yu, M. Galluzzi, Cells nanomechanics by atomic force microscopy: Focus on interactions at nanoscale. Adv. Phys. X 6, 1866668 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Phys. X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106477"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-020-00504-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.08.148"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2214757120"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz4316"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c05072"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Grundler K. Shin H.-W. Suh C.-H. Whang W. M. Saltzman Prolonged circulation and enhanced tumor uptake of pegylated nanoparticles by manipulation of nanoscale surface topography. ChemRxiv chemrxiv-2023-s1460 [Preprint] (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26434\/chemrxiv-2023-s1460.","DOI":"10.26434\/chemrxiv-2023-s1460"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2021.105992"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Venkatraman T. Wong (Taylor & Francis 2014) vol. 9 pp. 1281\u20131283.","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.14.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37635"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201500437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12660"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110760"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12060555"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00970H"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413779"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-023-00581-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01754-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01646-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","unstructured":"A. Shah M. A. Dobrovolskaia National Cancer Institute's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory Assay Cascade Protocols (Bethesda (MD) 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49653-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003769"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101569"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104922"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050725"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02612-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10600"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02900-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57943-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b15910"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA09523C"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.10.095"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18237-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08186K"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CP07299J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b09617"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b04947"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR03331E"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-016-5764-4"}],"container-title":["Science Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adx1576","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:01:39Z","timestamp":1761156099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adx1576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/sciadv.adx1576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adx1576","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadx1576"}}