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Using an off-axis phase contrast approach combined with camera-based confocal slit gating, our method provides large field-of-view imaging of arterial and venular walls, enabling the study of vascular dynamics with unprecedented spatiotemporal precision. Our findings highlight that this level of precision is essential for accurately distinguishing NVC-driven vasodilation from spontaneous fluctuations, such as vasomotion and the cardiac cycle. By bridging the gap between fundamental neurovascular research and clinical applications, this approach offers a powerful tool for neuroscience research and early disease detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative and vascular disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx2941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1753478780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Revealing neurovascular coupling at a high spatial and temporal resolution in the living human retina"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4450-2950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierre","family":"Sen\u00e9e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France."},{"name":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5560-5443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Krafft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Loukili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France."},{"name":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France."},{"name":"Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2013-727X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniela","family":"Castro Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Eye Imaging Group, Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1423, Quinze-Vingts Hospital, INSERM, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-7555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivier","family":"Thouvenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-6419","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Atlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9102-9196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michel","family":"Paques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France."},{"name":"Paris Eye Imaging Group, Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1423, Quinze-Vingts Hospital, INSERM, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-9443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serge","family":"Meimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7685-3999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Mec\u00ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1890.sp000321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4048-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00049.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.257.6.H1917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00966.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1782-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1570-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00836-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. 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