{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:34:21Z","timestamp":1793943261227,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"41","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The photochemical conversion of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    into valuable fuels faces challenges of low efficiency and poor selectivity. Hydrated electrons (e\n                    <jats:sub>aq<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), with their extremely negative reduction potential, are promising CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -reducing agents, yet their short lifetime limits selectivity and high-energy-density product formation. Herein, we show that microdroplet interfaces with strong electric fields (10\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    volts per meter) substantially extend the lifespan of e\n                    <jats:sub>aq<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    generated from industrial sulfite pollutants (SO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), lowering energy barriers in the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction reaction and enabling targeted product formation. The machine learning strategy identified microdroplet size as the key parameter controlling electric field strength, product yield, and selectivity. In our lab-based scaled-up system, microdroplets &lt;10 micrometers improved performance by four to seven orders of magnitude over bulk-phase systems, achieving ~99% methanol selectivity. Strong interfacial electric fields stabilize intermediates and modulate carbon-oxygen bond lengths, directing pathways to high-value products. This approach enables sustainable CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    utilization via microdroplets, potentially producing fuels from waste.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx5714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:58:48Z","timestamp":1759946328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Substantially improved efficiency and selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction by superior hydrated electron in microdroplet"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1006-8284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People\u2019s Republic of 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