{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:52:14Z","timestamp":1792205534469,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"41","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Adv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human schistosomiasis remains one of the most devastating parasitic diseases worldwide, and the development of genetically modified vector snails has long been a goal in the field. Here, we report the successful creation of genetically modified\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an important intermediate host, using CRISPR\/Cas9 gene editing. We targeted the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fibrinogen-related protein 3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FREP3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene, confirmed stable germline transmission of the mutated gene, and established two different homozygous\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FREP3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -edited lines. Disruption of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FREP 3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene did not alter snail susceptibility to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, possibly due to a limited role of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FREP3.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in resistance or to functional redundancy and\/or compensatory expression within the highly diverse\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FREP<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene family. Our study demonstrates successful germline editing, effective ex ovo culture of decapsulated embryos, and the generation of viable, genetically modified\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    snails, thereby establishing a foundation for future genetic strategies to control schistosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx5889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:58:48Z","timestamp":1759946328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9-germline editing of\n                    <i>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/i>\n                    : A breakthrough in genetic modification of snails that transmit schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-0865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kouhei","family":"Oonuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Research Institute, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-7729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reiko","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Research Institute, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2191-2351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Research Institute, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4986-9711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Si-Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02814-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2030036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01945954"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01749-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02582-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6272397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1679-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0318-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07924259.2001.9652496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"P. 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