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Notably, while both amine-LNPs and G-LNPs can deliver mRNA to the spleen, G-LNPs exhibit a unique ability to preferentially target antigen-presenting cells, leading to significantly enhanced antigen presentation and robust T cell activation. mRNA vaccines formulated with G-LNPs elicited strong and antigen-specific immune responses, providing complete protection against tumor progression. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of G-LNPs enabled selective mRNA expression in the pancreas, showcasing the versatility of this delivery platform. 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